Turkish Alphabet
BasicThe 29 letters of the Turkish alphabet with their specific sounds.
Locative Case da,de /ta,te
BasicEquivalent to the preposition 'in/on/at'.
Var and Yok - Existence
BasicExpress the presence or absence of something with 'var' (there is/exists) and 'yok' (there is not/does not exist).
Sentence Order (SOV)
BasicUnderstand the typical Turkish order: Subject + Object + Verb, unlike English SVO.
Basic Questions
BasicFundamental interrogatives: nerede, ne zaman, neden, ne kadar, kaç, nerelisin, nere(ye).
Demonstratives: Bu • Şu • O
BasicIndicates proximity: bu (near the speaker), şu (near the listener), o (far from both).
Plural Suffix (-lAr)
BasicPlural suffix applying vowel harmony: -lar / -ler.
Question Suffix (mi/mı/mu/mü)
BasicInterrogative enclitic adjusted to the preceding vowel.
Simple Present (Şimdiki Zaman)
BasicVerbal root + -yor + personal endings.
Locative Cases (-yA / -DAn)
Basic-yA for direction (to), -DAn for origin (from).
-mAk istemek
BasicInfinitive + istemek to express desire or intention.
Relation Suffixes
BasicPossession (-ın/-in) and location (-de/-da) suffixes.
Countries and Nationalities
BasicNames of countries and languages: Türkiye, İspanya, İngilizce, etc.
Kendi & Hep
BasicEmphasis words: kendi (own), hep (always).
Time Intervals
Basic-DAn to -(y)A kadar, before/after and since.
